Pests and Diseases of Plants

Pests and Diseases of Plants

Surely you've heard of the existing farmers who failed to harvest? Crop failure is usually caused by plant pests or disease. Pests and diseases of these plants that reduce the quality and production of agricultural products.
1. Pests

Pests are animals that damage crops / crop because of his activities, especially activities to get food. Which includes crop pests are mammals, insects, and birds. Examples of such mammalian pests are rats, pigs, and monkeys. Which includes the form of insect pests are leafhoppers, aphids, walang rice pest, grasshoppers, caterpillars and beetles. Pests such as birds are birds Wren and sparrows. But among these three plant pests, which cause the greatest damage is insects. But there are ways to overcome these insect pests. That is by knowing their life cycle. If we know when or at what stage of the insect will attack, we can eradicate it on the right target.
2. Plant Diseases

Disorders of the plants caused by microorganisms called plant diseases. Microorganisms that cause plant diseases are viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and worms mematoda. Spread of plant diseases can occur through the wind, insects, and water. Plant diseases are also affected by fakotr environment, such as humidity and temperature. Examples of diseases in plants is as follows.

     CVPD (Citrus Vein Phloem Degeneration) on citrus is a disease caused by a virus that damages citrus plant phloem. This disease causes the citrus plant leaves become yellow and small, as well as slowing the growth of the bud. Then, at the next stage, the leaves will fall and the plants become unproductive and die.
     Tobacco mosaic disease is a disease caused by a virus TMV (Tobacco Mosaic Virus), and causes wrinkled leaves dna yellow spots.
     Damping-off disease caused by protists that resemble mushrooms, namely Pythium debaryanum. This disease causes root rot and seedling / seed crops in crop cultivation, so the sprouts fall to the ground.
     Diseases of the potato crop is a disease caused by Phytopthora infestans (protists that resemble mushrooms).
     Disease in rice plants are disease ymenyerang stem segments and grain. Pyricularia oryzae (a type of fungus) is one of the causes of this disease.
     Diseases of the orchid is a disease caused by bacteria, namely Pseudomonas cattleyas.
     Disease in maize caused by Ustilago avenae. Ustilago what is known as fungi that cause diseases in crops. Another example of Ustilago is Ustilago scitaminea that cause disease in sugarcane shoots.